La mappa della materia oscura appare come un universo infestato. L’immagine che vedete è stata pubblicata qui sul sito della Nasa e la trovate anche al Museo di Storia Naturale. Non è la foto della materia oscura, è una simulazione. Viene rappresentata la pervasività della Dark Matter simulando al computer la forma dell’energia che muove l’espansione dell’universo. I filamenti neri che vedete sono delle specie di ragnatele che tengono insieme le galassie attraverso quelle bolle arancioni composte da ammassi di materia barionica. Una premessa, come spiegano bene gli scienziati, la materia oscura non è materia ‘scura’. La chiamiamo così traducendo dall’inglese Dark Matter. Ma è materia che, per quanto ne sappiamo, ha solo interazioni gravitazionali che possiamo provare a calcolare e simulare. Inoltre,, la materia oscura non è più considerata la più strana fonte di gravità nell’universo . Quell’onore ora spetta all’energia oscura, una fonte più uniforme di gravità repulsiva che sembra ora dominare l’espansione dell’intero universo. Per essere approssimativi, il 75% di quello che c’è nell’universo sarebbe energia oscura, il 21% circa materia oscura e solo il 4,5% materia visibile. Noi viviamo, assieme al Sole e agli altri pianeti, alla periferia della nostra Galassia, la via Lattea, che contiene molte diecine di miliardi di altre stelle. Per giustificare il movimento e il comportamento di questo gigantesco ammasso di stelle, gas e polveri gli scienziati hanno ipotizzato che, per giustificare la sua rotazione stabile, occorre che, da qualche parte, ci sia molta massa. Nonostante le dettagliate mappe che coprono lo spettro delle emissioni elettromagenetiche dell’Universo, si è riusciti a individuare solo circa il 10% della massa che risulterebbe dagli effetti gravitazionali osservabili. La materia oscura non riusciamo a vederla sostanzialmente perché non emette alcun segnale che noi si possa percepire. Difatti fino ad ora non ne abbiamo mai scovata neppure un grammo. Quindi per usare una metafora siamo dentro una stanza chiusa, al buio e l’esistenza di quel poco che vediamo dobbiamo calcolarla con la matematica per capire le relazioni che ha con tutto quello che non vediamo.
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