Viviamo nell’era delle “elabo-relazioni”. Immuni, ad esempio, costruisce una rappresentazione astratta e privacy-oriented dei nostri contatti per notificarci un rischio contagio. Oppure BitCoin, la moneta che sposta la fiducia dalla banca al registro decentralizzato. E poi i social network, i consumi in streaming e la sharing economy… il nostro “digital self” interagisce ad elevata intensità e frequenza con gli algoritmi attraverso i dati e determina la mappa delle nostre relazioni attraverso elaborazioni.
Ma queste relazioni sono veramente “nostre”? Dipende dal modo in cui i dati e gli algoritmi vengono messi a contatto, perché questo determina la nostra capacità di controllare entrambi. Accetteremmo di tenere la porta di casa aperta solo perché c’è una legge che dice “vietato entrare in casa d’altri”? Forse, nonostante gli ottimi GDPR e CCPA, oggi avremmo bisogno di un protocollo che combini protezione e “pro-azione” dei dati alla velocità dei bit, non della carta bollata.
Il problema in cui siamo incastrati ha una causa precisa: il data sharing. Trasferire i nostri dati nella black box di qualcun altro per ottenere servizi è stato il nostro peccato originale. Come moderni Adamo ed Eva, abbiamo scelto l’unica opzione disponibile e per un po’ di tempo ha funzionato, ma ora il sistema scricchiola, sbilanciato da asimmetrie di benessere e conoscenza. La data economy deve scegliere se ridare alle persone il controllo dei propri dati e delle proprie elabo-relazioni non solo come adempimento legale, ma per stabilire un nuovo patto di sostenibilità con la società.
La buona notizia è che nuovi modelli di gestione dei dati esistono e che uno switch è possibile. In attesa della “fully homomorphic encryption”, che un giorno ci permetterà d’inviare i nostri dati criptati a qualsiasi algoritmo che possa darci una risposta senza conoscere né i dati né la risposta stessa, già oggi c’è un principio molto semplice che tutti possono applicare: far andare gli algoritmi verso i dati, non viceversa. Questo è uno dei principi alla base di OPAL, un modello sviluppato dal MIT di Boston e promosso, fra gli altri, anche dal Computational Privacy Group dell’Imperial College di Londra. Immaginiamo di avere in un data pod personale i dati storici dei nostri spostamenti quotidiani e di eseguire localmente un algoritmo in grado di confrontare i costi delle diverse soluzioni di trasporto adatte alle nostre esigenze, senza che alcun dato lasci il nostro smartphone. Perché no?
Modificare modo e luogo dell’elaborazione è quasi sempre possibile e può avere un impatto determinante per privacy e data ownership. Inoltre, con il giusto contributo della crittografia, anche la proprietà intellettuale degli algoritmi può essere garantita. Perché quasi nessuno considera questo approccio? Chiaramente la sfida è accettare un nuovo patto di servizio e ridefinire le regole dell’elabo-relazione. Dire addio alla black box ed al data sharing può essere un processo traumatico, ma forse non c’è alternativa, né per le grandi piattaforme né per le piccole aziende.
Quando, nel 2012, Fosca Giannotti, Dino Pedreschi, Alex Pentland ed altri [1] descrivevano la loro visione di un ecosistema tecno-sociale rispettoso della privacy e in grado di collezionare ed elaborare big data da qualsiasi fonte disponibile non stavano proponendo un’utopia: la decisione su come combinare in modo virtuoso dati ed algoritmi può sbloccare un valore enorme per la società, attivando economie di cittadinanza data-driven sostenibili e performanti. Si tratta però di qualcosa che oggi non c’è ancora e che va conquistato con coraggio e determinazione, anche nei piccoli progetti aziendali, attraverso protocollo e codice.
[1] “A planetary nervous system for social mining and collective awareness”
F. Giannotti, D. Pedreschi, A. Pentland, P. Lukowicz, D. Kossmann, J. Crowley and D. Helbing
E’ iniziata una nuova rubrica di Info Data per segnalare novità e nuove policy sui dati sia in ambito pubblico che privato. Se avete segnalazioni scriveteci infodata@ilsole24ore.com
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